Population increase, lack of land and styles of new architecture led architects to design residential complexes. In Iran, designing residential neighborhoods for different strata of society began since the second Pahlavi. The relationship between social and cultural foundations of people who are living in residential complexes and architecture is one of the most important issues which paying no attention to them, can lead to disrupting the activity of residents. The purpose of this research is surveying the role of socio-cultural groups in the formation of residential neighborhoods of the second Pahlavi in Tehran. According to sociologist theories, socio-cultural groups have always had a role in the formation of architecture and this research has investigated this matter by the historical- interpretive method. Research data sources are library studies. Sample residential neighborhoods are selected according to the socio-cultural class of residents who are worker (low), employee (medium) and affluent (high) and then they are evaluated. The results show government programs and low financial strength in house types of the low class have been caused to create simplicity in interior design and the quantity and quality of socio-cultural indicators of housing have been decreased. Designing duplex plan for medium and affluent classes have caused social distinctions. Also the quantity and quality of socio-cultural indicators of housing have increased in these types.