Psychoanalysis, anthropology and philosophical approach; Effective theoretical approaches in the development of the social concept of gender

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof, Department of Gender and Social Sciences, Women and Family Studies Research Institute, University of Religions and denominations, Qom, Iran.

2 Department of Social Sciences and Development Studies, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/ijar.2023.363545.459836

Abstract

Purpose- This research aims to identify and describe the first theoretical approaches in the process of the formation of the concept of gender and shows that the conceptual distinction between sex and gender based on the background of Western thought was formed in a period of 70 years.
Methodology-With the theoretical perspective of Foucault's paleontology, the research follows the process of formation and the first appearances of the formation of the concept of gender to its formative foundation and shows what forces, theories and relationships Brind has organized the concept of gender. Paleontology is based on the concept of "possibility". In the sense that after the discovery of the first historical appearances of a phenomenon, the answer to the question is sought, how did this idea emerge?
Findings-Analyzing the description and analysis of feminist, psychoanalytical, philosophical ideas and the views of Parsons' work shows that anthropological findings and Freudian concepts are the focal point in gender discussions and connect other ideas about gender issues like a connecting link. The model of kinship structure in Strauss' perspective and the term women's exchange play an important role in feminist literature before and after Oakley. Although the philosophical approaches of Debois are understood in Heidegger's theoretical tradition, the influence of anthropology plays an important role in the formation of Debois's point of view. For these theories, it becomes the basis for conceptual distinctions in Oakley's opinion and the separation of the concept of gender from gender. Although the concepts of role and base of Parsonzi and his successors are also loaded on this theoretical platform and highlight the gender roles and their dependence on the social situations of the two sexes. Lacan also creates newer perspectives on gender by using the literature of Freud and Strauss, and Irigaray has newer answers to gender differences by criticizing the traditional ideas of psychoanalysis and philosophy. Finally, the psychoanalytic views of Freud, Lacan and Lévi-Strauss with an anthropological approach had a major contribution in the process of constructing gender and led to discredit the idea that gender inequalities are a natural and unchangeable reality

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https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gender-theory
 
Iranian Journal of Anthropological Research
Volume 13, Issue 1 - Serial Number 24
Indexing Databases
September 2023
Pages 235-249

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