زیبایی‌شناسی کوئیر: از سیاست هویت به سیاست کوئیر به مثابه سیاست مبتنی بر برابری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مردم شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار گروه انسان‌شناسی دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران

10.22059/ijar.2022.348858.459775

چکیده

این مقاله تأملی بر سویه کوئیر در روش‌شناسیِ نظریه سیاسی ژاک رانسیر است. برای رانسیر، امر سیاسی بیش از هر چیز کنشی زیبایی‌شناختی است که توزیع امر حسی در نظم پلیس و چگونگی مواجهه با جهان را تغییر می‌دهد. نظم پلیس به مثابه نظم نمادین، نظمی بدنی و فضایی است که از طریق توزیع امر حسی، برخی شیوه‌های اندیشیدن، گفتن و دیدن و رویت‌پذیری خاصی را بواسطه بدن‌ها ایجاد می‌کند. وجه زیبایی‌شناختیِ کنش سیاسی به دلیل نوآوری و گستراندن مرزهای حواس، به باز-توزیع این نظم می‌پردازد. به منظور درک از چگونگی کنش سیاسی در نفیِ نظم پلیس و هویت‌های نمادین به روش‌شناسی نظریه کوئیر و نظریات رانسیر اشاره می‌شود. سپس، با تأسی از رژیم‌های سه‌گانه هنری رانسیر، الگوی سه‌گانه‌ای از رژیم‌های بدن در مطالعات جنسیت ارائه می‌گردد تا نشان داده شود که بدن کوئیر به مثابه بدنی زیبایی‌شناختی، ذیل مفهوم بدن بدون اندام (ژیل دلوز و فلیکس گتاری)، چگونه به بدن/سوژه سیاسی مدنظر رانسیر نزدیک می‌شود. برای درک وجه کوئیر نظریه سیاسی رانسیر و بُعد سیاسی نظریات جودیت باتلر ذیل ایده اجراگری توجه می‌شود. در ادامه به منظور تحلیل سیاست‌های هویت/تفاوت و سیاست کوئیر به تطبیق آرای رانسیر با اکسل هونت (نظریه به‌رسمیت‌شناسی) پرداخته خواهد شد. در پایان، برای روشن‌ساختن بهتر پیوند نظریات رانسیر با سیاست کوئیر به نظریه تأثر و توزیع عواطف و کارکرد آن بر/میان بدن‌ها اشاره می‌گردد تا از یک سو اقتصاد سیاسی عواطف در نظم پلیس و از سوی دیگر، نحوه و امکان کنش سیاسی توسط فرودستان در برابر این توزیع بررسی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Queer Aesthetics; From Identity Politics to Queer Politics as Equality-Based Politics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Eslamirad 1
  • Emilia Nercissians 2
1 Master Holder from Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran
2 Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This article tries to show the queer aspect of Jacques Rancière's methodology in his political theory. For Rancière, the political is an aesthetic act that changes the distribution of the sensible in the police order and how to face the world. Police order is a corporal and spatial order that creates particular ways of thinking, speaking, seeing, and visibility through the distribution of the sensible by the bodies. The aesthetic side of political action deals with redistributing this order due to expanding the boundaries of senses. Then, based on the triple regimes of Rancière's art, a triple model of body regimes in gender studies is presented to show how the queer body as an aesthetic one, under the concept of the body without organs, approaches the political subject/body in Rancière's view. To comprehend the queer side of Rancière's theory and the political dimension of Judith Butler's theory examine the idea of performativity. Subsequently, to analyze politics of identity/difference and queer politics, Rancière's thoughts compare with Axel Honneth's theory. To clarify the link between Rancière's theories and queer politics, the affect theory and distribution of emotions and their function on/between bodies is referred to, as the political economy of emotions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aesthetics & politics
  • distribution of the sensible
  • police order
  • Queer theory
  • subjectivation
 
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