نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پسادکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Sacrifice is a ritual practice in which objects or beings were offered to some supernatural powers. Since a long time ago, mankind has been offering all kinds of sacrifices in order to create a bond and expand the relationship between himself and the holy things. One of the ancient and very wide rituals that had a special value for man and by performing it, man tried to establish a relationship with natural forces and contribute to the world order with its help, is the ritual of human sacrifice. Gradually, by passing through the initial stages of life and the development of rationality, societies try to find alternative methods for human sacrifice instead of sacrificing their fellow species. This research tries to study the methods of modifying human sacrifice in the texts of narrative order in a descriptive-analytical method. The results show that the sacrifice modification methods in the present study fall into five categories: piercing the ear and shedding some blood (or extorting), scratching the face, cutting the scalp, tearing the clothes, forgiving Slaves and concubines, leaving children in holy temples, classification (and circumcision) are classified. Regarding the methods of modification of the human sacrifice, it should be said: the modification methods in mystical texts and the transformation have a special meaning compared to the epic and lyrical texts; Modifications in mystical texts are often symbolic and symbolic; For example, scratching the face, cutting the hair and cutting the hair, tearing the clothes(allegory of the body) and characterizing in the concepts of reducing the beauty of people and suppressing the soul, denying selfishness and not paying attention to physical attractiveness, spiritual opening and liberation from worldly attachments. And cutting off the carnal nature and eating it is used for cultivation and connection with the sacred origin. In analyzing instances of human sacrifice modification, Max Weber's theories of sacrifice modification, Fraser's rebuttal, the gods' satisfaction with Boyce and Taylor are more efficient and flexible than other theories. It can be said about the process of adjusting the sacrifice, just as it is today, different types of blood and non-blood sacrifices such as cow, sheep, money, gold, new crop offerings or spiritual offerings such as prayer, fasting, service to holy places and deprived classes. It is done in parallel and according to various situations and economic conditions of the individual. For example, in very sensitive and dangerous situations, human and animal sacrifices were offered, or a part of the product was offered to preserve and destroy the product, or people gave a part of the property to serve the temples and holy places. And they offered their valuables. Of course, the effect of spreading awareness and intellectual progress and the efforts of social reformers in moderating and reducing the intensity of violence in offering sacrifices and blood offerings should not be ignored.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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