نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 ندارم
2 دانشیار گروه انسان شناسی دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Purpose- The purpose of this article is to examine the issue of confrontations in the creation myths of Iran and ancient Mesopotamia and is based on the study of a group of key symbols in the creation myths. The research method is a structural and comparative study of myths and religions.
Methodology- The tool for collecting information is the use of written and library sources; specifically, mythological and archaeological sources and books. Creation myths include numerous narratives and scattered systems, and our criterion for selecting these myths as creation myths is the themes that discuss creation. In conducting the research, the confrontations that are explicitly mentioned, such as conflict and argument, and implicitly mentioned, such as debate and dialogue, in the text of the myths have been taken into account.
Findings- According to the findings of this study, a chain of oppositions has been repeated in the creation myths that determines the semantic structure of these myths. Oppositions such as animal husbandry-agriculture, plant-tree, ram-governor, number three-number seven, lapis lazuli-gold are among these oppositions. These oppositions are based on the primary and fundamental opposition of darkness-light or sacred-profane that divides the world and the universe into two main parts, and according to it, existence and the universe ultimately belong to one of these two cosmological realms of darkness-light. The oppositional structure in creation myths serves as an infrastructure that organizes the multiplicity of narratives and the differences of different perspectives and symbols around a common and specific meaning. Reciprocal pairs are a theme beyond expressing the opposition of phenomena, but rather indicate the existence of the law of interaction and duality, in other words, a pair that guides the principle of life and the universe.
Conclusion- From this perspective, creation narratives simultaneously determine the nature and symbolic and ontological status of phenomena. These myths are not just a vague and symbolic expression of creation; rather, they discuss the relationships between the phenomena of creation and the affairs of existence and the laws governing them. This more than anything points to the important position of this type of myth in the study of mythology and religions. Given these findings, it explains to a large extent an important group of ambiguities in the study of mythology, such as the symbolic meaning of the tree or plant of life in creation myths and the discussion of creation in different religions. Rules and generalities play a key role in myth, and in order to study myths and ancient texts, we are obliged to recognize these rules, the most important of which are the oppositions and dualities that are rooted in the two foundations of the creation system. This duality or duality is so important that all phenomena can be deciphered based on it. Accordingly, although the mythological system presents a symbolic and sometimes simple set of themes, behind it lies a vast system of meaning and order of creation that it utilizes in a specific way. Even gods and smaller phenomena such as types of minerals, chronology and calendars, and cultural rituals are formed based on this duality
کلیدواژهها [English]
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